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老虎和 狮子是自然界自由存活的动物,本身各有自己的领地,甚至地理分布都不相同,平常几乎都不见面,今天我们看到的往往是在动物园和驯化条件下。它们在某种程度上已经接近了驯养动物的状态。虽然它们天性是野性的,肉食性的动物,交配成功的概率虽然低,但这个可能性却是存在的。 [9]
然而事实上,动物交配的成功率与其***的契合度有直接关系,跟这个动物是否为人类驯养动物没有直接关系。举例说明的话,狗跟猫都是被人类长期驯养的动物,它们都是肉食动物,饲养环境的差异也不大。虽然因为人为的原因使它们在了一起,但是,如果有人使猫跟狗这两种动物交配,它们也不可能有后代。其原因在于猫跟狗分化成不同物种的时间已经非常长,***差异很大,难以融合。
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这个“优势”的概念延伸到不同物种时,在能够杂交的物种之间,它们的杂交优势也是非常明显的,但有一个代价,染色体不能全部联会重合。但马和驴刚好能重合,所以骡子吸收了它们双方的优点。 [9]
实际上老虎和狮子也存在着这个趋势,狮虎兽个体都比较大,也很强壮,但由于它 遗传***在染色体数量上的不匹配性,它们有严重的遗传***缺陷,这些缺陷导致有的个体寿命比较短,有的个体长得不好。 [9]
不同物种之间的杂交,由于其渊源程度比较远,如果能存活,往往能吸收双方的优点,但由于染色体数目不同,不同物种带有天生的缺陷,在马和驴这一点上,强壮这一点得到体现,绝育这一点不可避免。在狮虎的问题上,强壮这一点有的个体体现了,有的个体体现得比较弱,它们本身能不能存活情况各不一样,我们也看到过有存活十几年的狮虎兽,这表明它们还是能存活的。 [9]
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