IS200RCSAG1ABB

 摘要：阐述数控加工中心加工中常用的几种典型对刀的操作方法 ,对在对刀过程中功能模块进行描述比较 ,并对其在数控编程和加工中的应用进行介绍。

    关键词：对刀  测量仪器  编程原点  工件坐标系

1.前言

    随着科学技术和社会生产的迅速发展 ,机械产品日趋复杂,社会对机械产品的质量和生产率提出了越来越高的要求。传统的普通机床逐渐被高精度***率高自动化的数控机床所代替。数控机床的普及使用以及计算机辅助设计和制造(CAD/CAM)技术的迅速发展 ,大幅度地缩短了产品的制造周期,提高了产品的加工质量和市场竞争力 ,因而具有广泛的发展前景和显著的经济效益。而在数控加工中 ,对刀是很关键的一步 ,对刀操作的不正确 ,将直接影响零件的加工质量。也可能导致刀具与数控机床发生碰撞 ,造成不良后果。本文主要叙述数控立式铣加工中心加工中常用的机内对刀方法 ,并与数控编程有机的结合起来。

2.数控加工中的对刀原理

    工件在机床上***装夹后 ,必须确定工件在机床上的正确位置 ,以便与机床原有的坐标系联系起来。确定工件具体位置的过程就是通过对刀来实现的,而这个过程的确定也就是在确定工件的编程坐标系 (即工件坐标系 ),编程加工都是参照这个坐标系来进行的。在零件图纸上建立工件坐标系 ,使零件上的所有几何元素都有确定的位置 ,而工件坐标系原点是以零件图上的某一特征点为原点建立坐标系 ,使得编程坐标系与工件坐标系重合。

     对刀操作实质包含三方面内容 :***方面是刀具上的刀位点与对刀点重合；第二方面是编程原点与机床参考点之间建立某种联系；第三方面是通过数控代码指令确定刀位点与工件坐标系位置。其中刀位点是刀具上的一个基准点 (车刀的刀位点为刀尖 ,平头立铣刀的刀位点为端面中心 ,球头刀的刀位点通常为球心 ),刀位点相对运动的轨迹就是编程轨迹 ,而对刀点就是加工零件时 ,刀具上的刀位点相对于工件运动的起点。一般来说,对刀点应选在工件坐标系的原点上 ,这样有利于保证对刀精度,也可以将对刀点或对刀基准设在夹具***元件上 ,这样有利于零件的批量加工。

     在数控立式铣加工中心加工操作中 ,对刀的方法比较多 ,本文介绍常用的几种机内对刀操作方法。对刀过程流程图如图 1:

Square D Model 5 Size 4 5 8536 Combination Starter Reversing 2-Speed MCC Section

Square D Model 5 Size 5 Breaker MCC ***et 600 Amp MHL36600 MCCB 8536SGO1 64"

Square D Model 5 Size 5 Breaker MCC ***et 600 Amp MHL36600 MCCB 8536 SGO1 70"

Square D Model 5 Size 5 Breaker MCC ***et 600 Amp MHL36600 MCCB 8536SGO1 50"

Square D Mod Model 5 Size 5 250 Amp 42" Breaker MCC ***et MCCB 250A Sz5

Square D Model 5 Size 4 Breaker MCC ***et 250 Amp KAP3625026M MCCB 8536-SFO1

Square D Model 5 600 Amp Main Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 600A MCCB 36" SqD Mod 5

Square D Model 5 600 Amp Main Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 600A MCCB 24" SqD Mod 5

Square D Mod Model 5 Size 4 250 Amp 21" Breaker MCC ***et MCCB 250A Sz4

Square D Model 5 21" Size 4 Breaker MCC ***et 250A KAP3625025M 8502 SFO2 SF02

Square D Mod Model 5 Size 4 150A Fuse 30" Fusible MCC ***et MCCB Sz4 150 Amp

Square D Model 5 400 Amp Main Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 400A MCCB 20" SqD Mod 5

Square D Model 5 400 Amp Main Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 400A MCCB 36" SqD Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 3 Breaker MCC ***et 90A FHP Reversing 2 Speed 8536 Sz3

Square D Model 5 Size 3 Breaker MCC ***et 100A FAP3610018M MCCB 8536-SE01 18"

Square D Model 5 Size 3 Breaker MCC ***et 100A FHP MCCB 8536-SE01 No Heaters

Square D Mod Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 225 A Amp 20.5" 20 1/2" SqD

Square D Model 5 400 Amp Main Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 400A MCCB 26" LAL

Square D Model 5 Size 2 Breaker MCC ***et 20 Amp FCP34020 MCCB 8536-SD01 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 2 Breaker MCC ***et 50 Amp FHP 36050 MCCB 8736-SD01 18"

Square D Model 5 Size 2 Breaker MCC ***et 50 Amp FHP36050 MCCB 8536-SD01 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 150 Amp 20.5" 20 1/2" SqD 150A Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 100 Amp 8" SqD 100A Mod 5 MCCB

Square D Model 5 Size 2 Breaker MCC ***et 50 Amp FAP36050 MCCB 8536-SD01 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 2 Breaker MCC ***et 50 Amp FAL36050 MCCB 8536-SD01 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 70 Amp 8" Eight Inch SqD 70A Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 60 Amp 8" Eight Inch SqD 60A Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 7A FHP3600712M MCCB 8536-SC03 12"

Square D Model 5 Size 2 Breaker MCC ***et 30 Amp FAP36030 8536 SD01 MCCB 30Amp

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 50 Amp 8" SqD 50A Mod 5 MCCB

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 60 Amp 12" SqD 60A Mod 5 MCCB

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 7A FAP36007 Reversing Starter 8736 Sz

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 15 Amp FAP36015 Motor Logic MCCB Mod5

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 30 Amp FHP36030 MCCB Mod 5 8502 SCO4S

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 7 Amp FHP36007 Reversing 2 Speed MCCB

Square D Mod Model 5 Size 1 FHP Breaker MCC ***et 15 A

Square D Model 5 Sz Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 30A FHP3603015M without Heaters

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 15A 8" SqD 15 Amp Mod 5 6in MCCB

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 40 Amp 8" SqD 40A Mod 5 MCCB 6 inch

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et FHP 3 Amp Reversing MCCB 8736 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 30 Amp 8" Eight Inch SqD 30A Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 30 Amp FHP36030 MCCB 8536 SCO3 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 20 Amp 8" 6 inch SqD 20A Mod 5 MCCB

Square D Model 5 Feeder Breaker MCC ***et 20 Amp 12" SqD 20A Mod 5 MCCB

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 15A FHP3601513M No Heaters MCCB 12"

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 30 Amp FHP36030 No Heaters MCCB Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 30 Amp FAP36030 MCCB 8536-SD03 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 15 Amp FAL36015 8536 SC03 MCCB Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 1 FHP Breaker MCC ***et 3 Amp MCCB Mod 5 FHP36003 8536SC0

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 15 Amp FAP3601513M MCCB 8536-SCO3

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 7 Amp FAP36007 MCCB 8536-SC03 Mod 5

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 30A FAL3603015M MCCB 8536-SC03 12"

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 7 Amp 8536SC03 FAL36007 MCCB Mod 5 5

Square D Model 5 Sz Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 15A FAP3601513M without Heaters

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 3 Amp FAP3600311M 8536 SCO 3

Square D Model 5 Size 1 Fusible MCC ***et 30 Amp MCCB 8536 SC03 12" Fused

Square D Model 5 Fusible Feeder MCC ***et 30 Amp MCCB Mod 5 12" 30A

Square D Model 6 SL66D33N4U 40 HP AC VS Drive MCC ***et 100 Amp MCCB FHP36100

Square D Model 6 Size 5 250 Amp MCC ***et Mod 6 KHP36250 MCCB 8536 SG01 Sz5 42"

Square D Model 6 Size 3 100 Amp MCC ***et 100A Mod 6 MCCB Sz3 SqD Mod6 72"

Square D Model 6 Size 3 MCC ***et 100 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz3 SqD Bent

Square D Mod 6 Size 3 Fused MCC ***et 100 Amp 2 Speed Reverse 5 Pole 8810-SE012

Square D Model 6 Motor Control Center 1200A Horiz/300A Vert MCC 3 Section Mod 6

Square D Model 6 800 Amp 28" Main Breaker Feeder ***et MCC MCCB MHP36800 800A

Square D Model 6 800A 28" Main Breaker Feeder ***et MCC MCCB MHP36800MT 800 Amp

Square D Model 6 Motor Control Center 1200A 2-Secti*** Mod 6 MCC Double Section

Square D Model 6 Size 4 Reversing 125A 32" MCC ***et 125 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz4

Square D Model 6 Motor Control Center 600A Horiz/300A Vert MCC 3 Section

Square D Model 6 Fuse Disconnect MCC ***et 400 Amp LHL36000M Main

Square D Model 6 Size 2 70A Breaker MCC ***et Motor Logic 70 Amp Mod 6 MCCB FAL

Square D Model 6 Size 2 50 Amp Breaker MCC ***et Starter 50A Mod 6 MCCB SqD

Square D Model 6 Size 2 30 Amp MCC ***et Breaker Mod 6 MCCB 8536 SDO FHP36030

Square D Model 6 Size 2 30 Amp Breaker MCC ***et Starter 30A Mod 6 Motor Logic

Square D Model 6 100 Amp 12" Dual Breaker Feeder ***et 100A MCCB SqD Mod 6

Square D Model 6 Size 2 30 Amp Breaker MCC ***et Sz2 SqD MCCB Mod 6 No Heaters

Square D Model 6 60 Amp 12" Dual Breaker Feeder ***et 60A MCCB SqD Mod 6 SqD

Square D Model 6 Size 2 15 Amp FHP Breaker MCC ***et 15A Mod 6 MCCB SqD Sz2 18"

Square D Model 6 70 Amp 12" Dual Breaker Feeder ***et 70A MCCB SqD Mod 6 SqD

Square D Model 6 100 A 6" Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 100 Amp Mod 6 MCCB GJL

Square D Model 6 Size 2 30 A FAP Breaker MCC ***et 30 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz2 12 in

Square D Model 6 60 Amp 6" Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 60A Mod 6 MCCB SqD GJL 6 in

Square D Model 6 Size 1 6" 30 Amp Fusible MCC ***et 30A Mod 6 MCCB Sz1 Fused

Square D Model 6 30 A Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 6" 30 Amp Mod 6 MCCB SqD GJL

Square D Model 6 Size 1 20 Amp Breaker MCC ***et Motor Logic 20A Mod 6 MCCB FCP

Square D Model 6 70 Amp 12" Breaker Feeder ***et 70A MCCB SqD Mod 6 480V MCC B

Square D Model 6 100 Amp 12" Breaker Feeder ***et 100A MCCB SqD Mod 6 208V

Square D Model 6 Size 1 20A Breaker MCC ***et Motor Logic 20 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz1

Square D Model 6 Size 1 30 Amp Breaker MCC ***et 30A Mod 6 MCCB Sz1 FHP36030

Square D Model 6 Size 1 25A 12" Breaker MCC ***et 25 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz1 12 in

Square D Model 6 Size 1 30A Breaker MCC ***et Motor Logic 30 Amp Mod 6 MCCB SqD

Square D Model 6 Size 1 Breaker MCC ***et 20A 7.5HP

Square D Model 6 Size 1 15 A FCP Breaker MCC ***et 15 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz1 12 in

Square D Model 6 100 Amp 12" Breaker Feeder MCC ***et 100A MCCB SqD

Square D Model 6 Size 1 15 A FAP Breaker MCC ***et 15 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz1 12 in

Square D Model 6 14" MCC 3PH Transformer ***et MCCB SqD Mod 6 RL-10003 Reactor

Square D Mod 6 Sz 1 Fused MCC ***et MCC 30A 10HP 2 spd

Square D Model 6 Size 1 7 A FHP Breaker MCC ***et 7 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz1 12 SqD

Square D Model 6 Size 1 3 A FHP Breaker MCC ***et 3 Amp Mod 6 MCCB Sz1 12 SqD

Square D Model 6 Size 1 7 A FHP Breaker MCC ***et 7 Amp Mod 6 MCCB no heaters

Square D Model 6 60 Amp Breaker Feeder MCC ***et SqD Mod 6 60A MCCB

Square D Model 6 Size 1 3 A FHP Breaker MCC ***et 3 Amp Mod 6 MCCB No Heaters

Square D Model 6 30 Amp 12" MCC Breaker Feeder ***et 30A MCCB SqD Mod 6 MCCB

Square D Mod 6 Size Sz 1 Fused MCC ***et 30A 10HP 12"

Square D Model 6 30 Amp 12" MCC Breaker Feeder ***et 30A MCCB SqD Mod6 MCCB

Square D Model 6 Size 1 30 Amp Breaker MCC ***et Fused Overload 30A Mod 6 MCCB

Square D Model 6 Size 1 Fused MCC ***et 30 Amp MCCB 8502 SCO 12" Mod 6 Sz1

Square D Model Mod 6 Fused Feeder ***et MCCB 30A 12"

Square D Model 6 12" MCC 3PH Transformer ***et MCCB SqD Mod 6 RL-05503 Reactor
    
Square D Model 6 12" MCC 3PH Transformer ***et MCCB SqD Mod 6 RL-08002 Reactor