TCSPC（时间相关单光子计数）相机基于32x32智能像素，每个像素包含一个SPAD（单光子雪崩二极管）探测器和一个时间数字转换器（TDC）。在2D /强度模式下，SPAD阵列每帧提供1024个“字”，每个“字”6bit（即单帧光子计数动态***多64光子）。在3D深度分辨/计时模式下，SPAD阵列每帧提供1024个“字”，每个“字”10bit（即单帧时间分辨低至312 ps，满量程范围320 ns）。帧数在burst模式下高达100kfps（即***小积分帧时间为10 us），连续模式为10kfps。
产品特点
- 多模式
- 光子计数
- 2D图像
- 3D渡越时间
- TCSPC（时间相关单光子计数）
- 图像尺寸：32x32 (1024) pixels
- 像素内计数器：6 bit (光子计数)
- 像素内TDC：10 bit (光子计时)
- ***大帧数：100,000 fps (burst)/ 10,000 fps (continuous)
- 时间分辨：312 ps – 0.9 ns
- 满量程范围：320 ns – 0.92 µs
- 硬件接口：USB 2.0
- 软件界面：MATLAB
主要应用
- 单光子计数，计时和成像
- 中长距离激光雷达
- ***影像学，FLIM，FRET
- 时间分辨光谱
- 扩散光学层析成像
参数
| Parameter | Notes | Min | Typ | Max | Units |
| Resolution | number of pixels | 32x32 | pixels | ||
| SPAD diameter | diameter of the SPAD into each pixel | 30 | µm | ||
| Pixel pitch | size of each pixel | 150 | µm | ||
| Pixel fill‐factor | with no microlens | 3.14 | % | ||
| PhotonDetectionEfficiency(PDE) of SPAD detectors | @ 420nm | 50 | % | ||
| @ 300nm and @650nm | 20 | % | |||
| @ 800nm | 5 | % | |||
| Dark count rate(DCR) | with VEX=5V | 100 | cps | ||
| Afterpulsing | with 20 ns hold‐off time | 2.6 | % | ||
| Optical cross‐ alk | between nearest pixels | 0.01 | % | ||
| Photon‐counting dynamics | number of bits of the in‐pixel counter | 6 | bit | ||
| Photon‐ iming dynamics | number of bits of the in‐pixelTDC | 10 | bit | ||
| On‐board clock(fclock) | adjustable through the GUI interface | 70 200 | MHz | ||
| TDC least significant bit(LSB)[1] | withfclock=200MHz | 312 | ps | ||
| withfclock=160MHz | 390 | ps | |||
| withfclock=70MHz | 900 | ps | |||
| TDC full‐scale range(FSR)[1] | withfclock=200MHz | 320 | ns | ||
| withfclock=160MHz | 400 | ns | |||
| withfclock=70MHz | 920 | ns | |||
| Full‐scale depth range | max scene depth, around the target distance (even kilometers from the camera, depending on the optical setup) | 48 | 60 | 138 | m |
| TDC single‐shot precision(FWHM) | with clock=160MHz (all 32x32 TDC working in parallel) | 660 | ps | ||
| frame‐ ate | Burst mode(limited by FPGA read‐out) | no limit | 100,000 | fps | |
| Continuous mode(limited by USB2.0 link) | no limit | 10,000 | fps | ||
| Camera power supply | +5 | V | |||